Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin fasahohin masana'antu da haɓakawa, yanayin samar da injina a hankali ya maye gurbin samarwa da hannu a wasu fannonin samarwa, musamman a masana'antar kera.Saboda yanayin amfani na musamman na wasu sassa masu mahimmanci, irin su zafi mai zafi da matsa lamba, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na sassa, ingancin sassan ya kamata ya dace da ka'idodin da suka dace, wanda ke gabatar da manyan buƙatun don ingancin injin.Machining ingancin yafi hada da sassa biyu: machining daidaito da kuma machining surface quality.Sai kawai ta hanyar sarrafa mahimman hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu a cikin injina, za a iya sarrafa ingancin injin ɗin da kyau kuma ingancin samfuran injina ya kai matsayin amfani.
1. Ma'anar ingancin machining
Ingancin mashin ɗin ya haɗa da abubuwa biyu: daidaiton mashin ɗin da ingancin kayan aikin injin, waɗanda ingancin geometry da kayan ya shafi su.
1.1 ingancin ilimin lissafi a cikin aiwatar da mashin ɗin, ingancin ilimin lissafi zai shafi daidaiton machining.Ingancin Geometric yana nufin kuskuren lissafi tsakanin saman samfur da mu'amala a cikin aikin injina.Ya ƙunshi abubuwa guda biyu: kuskuren macro geometry da kuskuren microgeometry.Gabaɗaya, rabon da ke tsakanin tsayin igiyar igiyar ruwa da tsayin daka na kuskuren macro geometry ya fi 1000. Gabaɗaya, rabon tsayin igiyar ruwa zuwa tsayin igiyar ruwa bai wuce 50 ba.
1.2 ingancin kayan a cikin machining, ingancin kayan yana nufin canje-canje tsakanin ingancin kayan aikin jiki da ke cikin saman Layer na samfuran injiniyoyi da matrix, wanda kuma aka sani da Layer gyaran gyare-gyare.A cikin aiwatar da machining, ingancin kayan zai shafi ingancin saman, wanda galibi ana nunawa a cikin aikin hardening na farfajiyar da kuma canjin tsarin metallographic na farfajiyar.Daga cikin su, aikin hardening na surface Layer yana nufin karuwa da taurin saman Layer na kayayyakin inji saboda nakasar filastik da zamewa tsakanin hatsi a lokacin machining.Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar la'akari da abubuwa guda uku a cikin kimanta ƙarfin injin sarrafa samfuran injina, wato, taurin ƙarfe na sama, zurfin taurin da digiri.Canjin tsarin metallographic na saman Layer yana nufin canjin tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na kayan aikin injiniya saboda aikin yanke zafi a cikin mashin ɗin.
2. Abubuwan da ke tasiri na ingancin machining
A cikin aikin mashin ɗin, matsalolin ingantattun injinan sun haɗa da yanke ɓacin rai da niƙa.Gabaɗaya, abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin injin ana iya raba su zuwa bangarori biyu: abubuwan geometric da abubuwan jiki.
2.1 yankan ƙanƙara a cikin mashin ɗin, matsalar ingancin yankan ƙasa ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu: abubuwan geometric da abubuwan jiki.Daga cikin su, abubuwan geometric sun haɗa da babban kusurwar karkatarwa, kusurwar juzu'i, yankan abinci da sauransu, yayin da abubuwan jiki sun haɗa da kayan aiki, saurin yanke, ciyarwa da sauransu.A machining, ductile kayan da ake amfani da workpiece aiki, da karfe plasticity na kayan ne yiwuwa ga nakasawa, da machined surface zai zama m.Saboda haka, domin ya rage surface roughness da kuma inganta sabon yi a lokacin da yin amfani da matsakaici carbon karfe da kuma low carbon karfe workpiece kayan da kyau tauri, shi ne kullum wajibi ne don gudanar da wani quenching da tempering jiyya tsakanin karewa.
Lokacin yin kayan aikin filastik, saurin yankan zai yi tasiri sosai a kan injin da aka kera.Lokacin da saurin yankan ya kai wani ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, yuwuwar nakasar filastik ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da ƙasa, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta.
Lokacin sarrafa sigogin yanke, rage abinci na iya rage ƙarancin ƙasa zuwa wani yanki.Duk da haka, idan adadin ciyarwa ya yi ƙanƙara, ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin zai karu;Ta hanyar sarrafa ƙimar abinci daidai gwargwado ne kawai za'a iya rage ƙarancin ƙasa.
2.2 niƙa saman ƙasa a cikin aiwatar da mashin ɗin, saman niƙa yana haifar da ƙima na ƙyallen hatsi a kan dabaran niƙa.Gaba ɗaya, idan mafi yashi hatsi wucewa ta cikin naúrar yankin na workpiece, da more scratches a kan workpiece, da kwane-kwane na scratches a kan workpiece rinjayar da surface roughness na nika.Idan kwane-kwane na daraja a kan workpiece ne mai kyau, da surface roughness na nika zai zama m.Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ke faruwa na jiki waɗanda ke shafar yanayin da ake yi na nika sune sigogi na nika da sauransu.A machining, da nika dabaran gudun zai shafi nika surface roughness, yayin da workpiece gudun yana da m sakamako a kan nika surface roughness.Da sauri gudun niƙa dabaran, da ƙarin adadin abrasive barbashi da naúrar yanki na workpiece a cikin naúrar lokaci, da kuma karami da surface roughness.Idan aka kwatanta da gudun nika dabaran, idan gudun workpiece zama sauri, da yawan abrasive hatsi wucewa ta cikin machined surface na workpiece a cikin lokaci naúrar zai zama ƙasa, da kuma surface roughness za a kara.Bugu da kari, a lokacin da a tsaye ciyar kudi na nika dabaran ne karami fiye da nisa daga nika dabaran, da surface na workpiece za a yanke akai-akai, da roughness na workpiece zai ƙara, da kuma surface roughness na workpiece zai ragu.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-24-2021